Morality and Utilitarianism Essay

Utilitarianism is an ethical surmisal that holds that an do is right if it produces, or if it tends to produce, the greatest amount of nice for the greatest number of people change by the action. Otherwise the action is wrong. This cost-benefit analysis is a form of utility calculation. People in business theory use utility curves to plot the results of various actions, choosing those that maximize whatever it is that they wish to achieve. This utility advance is non foreign to most people. It is widely used in many forms of cosmopolitan decision making and mountain be applied to moralistic issues as well as to strictly business issues.A defence force of utilitarianism as an ethical theory is that it describes what rational people actually do in making moral decisions. It explicitly formulates for them the procedures they intuitively and spontaneously use in moral reasoning. The theory renders explicit what is implicit in the ordinary moral reasoning and argumentation that we ourselves use Utilitarianism adopts a teleological show up to ethics and claims that actions are to be judged by their consequences. According to this view, actions are not easily or bad in themselves. Actions subject on moral value only when considered in conjunction with the effects that follow upon them.ACT AND regularise UTILITARIANISM Act utilitarianism holds that each individual action, in all its concreteness and in all its detail, is what should be subjected to the utilitarian test. dominion utilitarians hold that utility applies appropriately to classes of actions rather than to given individual actions. Thus, by looking at the general consequences of breaking contracts in the past, we can determine that breaking contracts is immoral. OBJECTIONS TO UTILITARIANISM One objection claims that utilitarianism is ungodly because it proposes utility, rather than the rule book or God, as a basis for moral judgments.A second objection much brought against utilitarianism is that no one has the time to calculate all the consequences of an action beforehand. A third objection to utilitarianism is that we cannot know the well(p) results of any action, nor can we accurately weigh the different kinds of favorable and evil that result. The calculation is artificial and not practical. APPLYING UTILITARIANISM 1. Accurately state the action to be evaluated. 2. Identify all those who are directly and indirectly affected by the action. 3.Consider whether there is nigh dominant, obvious consideration that carries such importance as to overbalance an early(a)(prenominal) considerations. 4. Specify all the pertinent reasoned and bad consequences of the action for those directly affected, as outlying(prenominal) into the future as appears appropriate, and imaginatively consider various possible outcomes and the likelihood of their occurring. 5. Weigh the total good results against the total bad results, considering quantity, duration, propinquity or remoteness , fecundity, and purity for each value (kind of good and kind of bad), and the sexual relation importance of these values.6. Carry out a similar analysis, if necessary, for those indirectly affected, as well as for nightspot as a whole. 7. Sum up all the good and bad consequences. If the action produces more good than bad, the action is morally right if it produces more bad than good, it is morally wrong. 8. Consider, imaginatively, whether there are various alternatives other than simply doing or not doing the action, and carry out a similar analysis for each of the other alternative actions. 9. Compare the results of the various actions.The action that produces the most good (or the least bad, if none produces more good than bad) among those available is the morally proper action to perform UTILITARIANISM AND BRIBERY Bribery in business is an fire kind of action to examine from a utilitarian point of view, because those who engage in bribery frequently justify their actions base d on something similar to utilitarian grounds. Utilitarianism, far from being a self-serving approach to moral issues, demands careful, objective, and impartial evaluation of consequences. It is a widely usedbut often misusedapproach to moral evaluation.A powerful tool of moral reasoning, it is a technique well worth mastering. eccentric SUMMARIES An Airplane Manufacturing Case An airplane manufacturer has spent a great deal of money developing a new airplane. The company badly needs cash because it is financially overextended. If it does not get some large orders soon, it will have to close down part of its operation. Doing that will put several atomic number 19 workers out of jobs. The president of the company bribes a foreign minister to insure the purchase of the planes, arguing that the good done overall justifies the use of bribery.

Respect and Sportsmanship

Every day you go through obstacles that pull up stakes push you to channelize unfairness, disrespect for others and a sore loser type attitude. For sportsmanship that is just the opposite of its meaning. If you be aware you envision sportsmanship every day, whether it is playing a friendly juicy of basketball in your backyard or being a part of a school spelling bee. For over a decade mountain around the world learn and show sportsmanship. In the dictionary sportsmanship means one who plays fairly and wins or loses gracefully.To me sportsmanship means a little more than just being nice after a game to the opposing team. It is the ability to keep composed when a situation arises. To be able to except a loss and not act out to make your team look bad. Sportsmanship helps maintain a skillful image in the competitive world today. Its a value you have to have to show respect to your team and other teams. Its your responsibility as a competitive person to show sportsmen like behavi or. Outside the sports world you show sportsmanship everywhere.Recently I went around asking a couple students what sportsmanship meant to them. severally one said something different, yet they all generally said to show respect whether you win or lose. A great thought was sportsmanship applies to all disciplines. This one individual stated musically speaking it meant if you are better than your cohorts. You should still open your ears to advice. To encourage people not to bring others down if they do something wrong. Sportsmanship is a kind of style and attitude and it has positive influences on everyone around you. If you win through bad sportsmanship, thats no satisfying victory. Babe Didrikson Zaharias quotes. This is a great quote that really clarifies what sportsmanship is. Yes, winning is awesome but it isnt awesome when you disrespect people and show childish behavior. That truly is not a real victory. You should win with passion, competiveness and drive. If you show spo rtsmanship by being unfair and not respectful, then you are not present sportsmanship at all.

Drama Coursework – The Evaluative Phase

1. My groups performance started in shamefulout with no-count music which sets the mood and grabs the audiences attention making them listen and think. A red lighter comes up show importance and on that point are narrators talking straight away(p) exclusively dressed in white-hot to show purity and it looks a bit wish well they are angels. We also see the protagonist who is pregnant as she has a baby bump. In Scene 2 bay lifts come and take Marys things. in that respect is a lot of confusion and action and the bay lifts are dressed all in black to show they are nasty and harsh.We see this when they grab things off the protagonist and throw her to the floor and e rattlingone stares with their arms folded showing negativity and shows Mary is trapped. To show a change of setting in that location is a light change and the pretenders with on that point arms folded turn in to face off. Then there is another scene change shown by the music being raised and a new set being br ought on. The actor who plays the bank manager wears a suit to show importance and seriousness and Marys husband wears a coat to show he has no intension if stopping with Mary and is going to go back outside.I think the next part of the performance is the strongest part of the play as the music is raised very loud and the actors mime an argument which is a contrast and then the protagonist looses the baby but as there is no speech you butt interpret it any way you want. It is a very powerful and emotive scene. Then in the last scene a bed is made and the narrators look like nurses. They then give all the factual information about the advert and they all end in a still image on the bed and the lights fade which makes the audience think about what they film just seen and the music fades with it as the music is played all the way through. . In the beginning there is a lot of movement which grabs the audiences attention and there is also a slide and toys to signify a playground. You can tell that the actors are playing children as there voices are high and screaky. There is a contrast when two of the actors are in a still image and the others are playing muteness verses sound. There is a use of face off when the stage becomes clear and then the actor turns in to a narrator. There is then an argument given in gibberish so the audience can interpret it however they like and there is a prop used to show alcohol.Music comes in which is emotive and shows haplessness and all the actors are in a family portrait. It starts out happy and ends up sad showing what it was like before the father started drinking and then after. Then the light changes to a gloomy spotlight to show a change of scene and it also symbolizes sadness and focuses on one person that gives a monologue. We can tell the actor is a child as she uses a high squeaky voice and has a dolly which seems to give her security and it makes you feel sorry for her.The scene changes and to show the dadaism is living on the streets he has a drab blanket and grubby clothes and the only ownership he has is a box with newspaper in it. People walking by have changed there character and this is shown by change of costume which shows the performance has multiple role-play in it. At the end there is narration to tell the story and it ends with all the actors in a still image with the lights fading. 3. Before I started homelessness and runaways I used to feel scared of anyone I saw living on the street.I conceit that because they are worse off than me and desperate they would try and mug me and if they asked for money I quickly walked away feeling nervous. I think I just judged them because they looked different and moved a very different life-time to what I did. Now I have learnt about homeless people I realise that they arent scarey and are just the same as me. If I see someone homeless on the streets I feel sorry for them and I think this is because I didnt really no why they were livin g on the streets.I think I just assumed they were all drug addicts but now I no there are lots of different reasons why people live on the streets and I have learnt that there are all types of homeless people. Now if I see someone I would give them some of my extra change if they needed it because I feel so lucky to live in a house and have a nice bed to sleep in and all they have our the clothes on my back. I think I would feel really happy if I had helped a homeless person out if even just a little bit.